As nanotechnology continues to advance in food and agriculture, there is the need for pragmatic decisions as to how to prepare the workforce, and human resource development ( HRD ) has a vital role to play. This mixed methods study followed a four-step process: The first phase involved a comprehensive systematic evidence review ( SER ) and stakeholder analysis. The second phase used multicriteria approaches for value elicitation, and the third phase included quantitative analysis, qualitative systems analysis ( QSA ), and strategic flexibility analysis ( SFA ) of evidence from the systematic review and the multicriteria value elicitation of experts and stakeholders. The final phase created a generic systems map (influence diagram) to describe the current and future skill needs of agrifood nanotechnology workers holistically as well as how HRD can meet these requirements.